Copd, or continuing obstructive pulmonary disease, is a progressive inflammatory disease connecting the airways, lung parenchyma, and vasculature. It causes the damage and remodeling of the airways and lung tissue. Proper functioning of lungs is rejected continuously by Copd. Over a period of time, these changes supervene in more severe conditions such as pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure. The exact pathophysiology of Copd is unidentified.
The inflammatory process is a driving aspect in the pathophysiology of Copd. recent verification suggests that the inflammatory response results in a estimate of effects, including an arrival of inflammatory cells such as macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes. Thickened airways and structural changes such as increased level muscle and fibrosis may also be manifested. Cigarette smoking causes an inflammatory response in the lungs. This response does not cease with the dismissal of the stimulus, but progresses for an unlimited period of time. Copd is a subset of obstructive lung diseases that includes cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis and asthma. Degeneration and destruction of the lung and supporting tissue are characteristic of Copd. These processes supervene in emphysema, continuing bronchitis, or both. Emphysema begins with a small airway disease and progresses to alveolar destruction, with a predominance of small airway narrowing and mucous gland hyperplasia.
The pathophysiology of Copd is not entirely understood. continuing inflammation of the cells lining the bronchial tree plays a major role. Smoking and, seldom, other inhaled irritants, perpetuates an ongoing inflammatory response that results in airway narrowing and hyperactivity. Airways come to be edematous, immoderate mucus output occurs and cilia function weakly. Patients face addition strangeness clearing secretions with disease progression. Accordingly, they institute a continuing productive cough, wheezing and dyspnea.
The basic pathophysiologic process in Copd consists of increased resistance to airflow, loss of elastic recoil and decreased expiratory flow rate. The alveolar walls oftentimes break because of the increased resistance of air flows. The hyper inflated lungs flatten the curvature of the diaphragm and expand the rib cage. The altered configuration of the chest cavity places the respiratory muscles, including the diaphragm, at a mechanical disadvantage and impairs their force-generating capacity. Consequently, the metabolic work of breathing increases, and the sensation of dyspnea heightens.
Bronchitis Lung Disease:Pathophysiology of Copd
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